LAD #25: Dawes Severalty Act

Although the situations were very different with the reasoning behind the two, the forceful moving to a confined area of the Japanese internment camps is similar to the Indian reservations.






Dawes Severalty Act Summary: This act was established in regards to Indian policy, more specifically, how reservations would be divided. This policy focused on on breaking up reservations by granting land allotments to individualize Native Americans. The head of each family was given 1/4 of the land, single children over the age of 18 1/8, to each orphan child under 18 they would get 1/8 of a section, as well as every other single person under 18. Lands that were not given to the Indians were open to non-Indians and the development of railroads. Even if the Native Americans did not live on that land they were given as a patent for the government to protect it. The act emphasized individual ownership of land, which contrasted with the traditional unity of the culture. The act ultimately tried for assimilation and deprived the Indians of their land for the need of railroads and the development of infrastructure.

LAD #24: William Jennings Bryan's Cross of Gold Speech

In his speech, Bryan directly compares what he wants to happen, gain independence from the corrupt, controlling government, to the Declaration of Independence, when they fought for independence from a corrupt government as well. 



William Jennings Bryan's Cross of Gold Speech Summary: Bryan opens by saying that, as a person, he could run for the Democratic nomination. He claims, however, that the race is a matter of principle, and that it is the humanitarian principle which he supports that is running. He also claims that every working man is a business man, and that the Westward-moving pioneers are as supported by the party as the Eastern Elite. He continues by saying that he defends families against the "encroachment of aggregated wealth". He supports the income tax law that was recently found to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. He went against his Democratic beliefs by supporting the governmental control of money and banking. He discusses the large issue of silver not being backed the same way that gold is and how the Republican nominee, McKinley is losing popularity because his party endorsed the gold standard and left out silver. Because of this, he is confident in his party winning the election. He competes his speech by saying that the Democratic party will support the struggling, poor workers who create the country's wealth and that the US should turn to bimetalism (using silver and gold) before other nations have the chance to and lead the world. He finishes the whole speech by saying "you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold".

LAD #22: President McKinley's War Message

FDR's Infamy speech is related to McKinley's War Message because both times Presidents were asking for more Congress to allow them to declare war.



President McKinley's War Message Summary: There was a bloody war occurring in Cuba against the Spanish and the US was sick of it so they demanded that the Spanish stop the fighting. The Spanish accepted these demands. McKinley wanted all the conflict in Cuba to stop and he told Congress to act on it. On April 19, Congress adopted a joint resolution which plunged the US into war on the side of Cuba. 

It was his duty to inform the Congress on the state of relations of the United States with Spain and of the warfare in Cuba. The current revolution is a build-up of other similar insurrections which have occurred in Cuba against Spain. Our trade has suffered do to it and much of the capital invested in Cuba has been lost. The war in Cuba is of the sort where neither side looks as they will win or lose until the physical exhaustion of one or both is achieved. In this regard being idle and issuing a proclamation of neutrality would be a bad idea. There remain forms of intervention, however, such as impartial neutrality by imposing a rational compromise between the contestants, or as the active ally of the one party or another. The first one would be helpful in keeping friendly relations with both Cuba and Spain, yet the second one may be more useful in actually causing eventual peace and ending all conflict. He goes on to list all the reasons why the second option is possible and may be necessary. One of the important reasons he list is that the battleship Maine was destroyed by an external submarine which proves the amount of violence in Cuba. In the name of humanity, in the name of civilization, in behalf of endangered American interests which give use the right and duty to speak and to act, the war in Cuba must stop. He then asks the Congress to allow hi to take measures to assure end the hostilities and assure peace on Cuba. 

LAD #23: The Populist Party Platform

Today's Democratic Party is similar to the Populist Party because they fight for better minimum wages, protecting workers rights, and closing wage gaps.




The Populist Party Platform Summary: The Populist Movement emerged from the farmers alliances of the 1870's and 1880's. In the 1890's it emerged as a viable third party as it was a response to the growth of industrialism. It opposed the concentrated capital of banks and big businesses.

It begins with a preamble which states that the nation is on the verge of moral, political and material ruin. There is corruption throughout and the public doesn't have a say. The right to unionize is denied and the conditions of work are left awful. The value of silver has gone down to make way for gold which is controlled and is hurting the people. There are controlling influences dominating both parties and they are willing to sacrifice our well being to make more money. We believe that the power of the government should be expanded in order to end this oppression, and corruption.

Their platform is this... that labor Unions are permanent, wealth goes to he who earns and creates it, and the government should own and manage railroads. When it comes to finance, they demand a national currency that is safe and sound and issued by the government. There should be free and unlimited coinage of silver and gold at the ration of 16 to 1, the amount of circulating money is to be increased, an income tax is to be implemented, the money should be kept as much as possible in the hands of the people and the state and national revenues are to be limited, and postal savings banks are to be established for the safe deposit of peoples earnings. In terms of transportation... the government should own and operate the railroads in the interest of  the people as well as the telegraph and the telephone. For land, it is the heritage of the people and it should not be monopolized, and the alien ownership of land should be prohibited, land owned by railroads and aliens should be returned to the government and reclaimed for actual settlers.

There is also an expression of sentiments with some of the big points being, fair elections, income taxes, pensions for ex-Union soldiers, protecting American labor, create better working conditions, presidents and vice-presidents should only be able to have one term, and national aid for private corporations should be forbidden.

LAD #21: Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation relates to the Gospel of Wealth in that Bill Gates as an incredibly wealthy person created a charity in which he donates very large amounts of money to for a good cause.



Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth Summary- Andrew Carnegie was an incredibly successful businessman who's wealth was based on the provision of iron and steel to the railways. To resolve what might have been seen as contradictions between creation of wealth and and social provision, he came up with the "gospel of wealth". He gave away his fortune to socially beneficial projects, such as libraries.
        The problem with the age in which he lived is the administration of wealth. The conditions of human life have not only changed, but they have been revolutionized. In the past there was little difference in wealth and social class, now a days there is a huge contrast in wealth and visible social class. This change, however, should be seen as beneficial and essential for the progress of the human race. A relapse to old conditions would be disastrous.
         The condition of affairs that is best for the interests of the race will inevitably give wealth to the few. The question is, what is the proper mode of administering wealth. There are three modes in which surplus wealth can be disposed of. It can be left for the families of the decedents; it can be bequeathed for public purposes; or it can be administered during their lives by its possessors. The first mode is the most injudicious and very monarch like. The second mode, it may be said that this is only a means for the disposal of wealth as it is no real good to the world until his death.  With this the estate of the person is often taxed very heavily after their death. This policy would work powerfully to push very wealthy people to attend to the administration of wealth during his life which would be the most fruitful for the society and people. He then says that this way of society where a few have great wealth is needed otherwise it would be similar to Communism in the fact that all the money would be equally distributed. It can be a much more powerful force for the elevation of our race. Even the poorest can be made to see this, as great sums gathered by few and spent for public purposes, for which the masses reap the benefit, are much more valuable than if the wealth was scattered among them. This is the third mode of using great fortune and by far the best for everyone involved.
          The duty of people of wealth is to first set an example of modest living, and to consider all surplus revenues that come to him to be trust funds of which he should administer in the manner of which their judgement sees as producing the most beneficial result for the community.

LAD #20- Emancipation Proclamation

The 15th Amendment relates to the Emancipation Proclamation because it continued the idea of freeing slaves and giving them the freedoms and rights they deserve including the right to vote.


Emancipation Proclamation Summary- It was written in September of 1862 and the first thing that it says is that on January 1st of  1863, all slaves within any part of the country that rebelled are to be free forever. The Federal Government will also be sure to recognize and maintain their liberties as well. Also on the first day of 1863, every state, including the states that rebelled, are to have a representative in congress. On this same day for 100 days after, the States that rebelled shall be left exactly as if the proclamation were not issued. He then continues to push the point that all slaves are to be set free and the authorities will recognize this fact. To the people that are to be freed, they should abstain from violence unless it is necessary for self-defense. Lincoln also recommends that they labor faithfully and for reasonable wages. He also wants to make known that all former slaves of suitable conditions will be received into the armed forces. He sincerely believed this act to be one of justice warranted by the Constitution.

LAD #19- Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural

FDR's fourth inaugural speech relates to Lincoln's 2nd because both presidencies are taking place on the finishing ends of a war.



Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Summary- Seeing that this was his second inaugural address, there wasn't nearly the same need for it to be long and drawn out rather just a statement with details on the course he plans to pursue throughout his presidency. He then mentions the civil war saying that it has absorbed the attention and energy of our nation. The progress of the the nations arms is well known and there is high hope for the future. In his first inaugural address, all of the thoughts were directed towards the impending civil war. Everyone was dreading it and they all wanted to avert it as well. There were people who were devoted to saving the Union without war,as well as people seeking to dissolve it without war. War came anyway as neither side wanted to give up their argument. One-eighth of the entire population were slaves, localized in the southern part of the country. These slaves had a powerful interest that was largely the cause of war. Neither party expected the war to have the magnitude or duration it ended up having. And no one anticipated the fact that the cause of the conflict might cease before the conflict. He then relates the Civil War to a quote from the bible. Saying that God has given us a war because of the offense of slavery. God has malice towards none, and charity for all. He wants us to finish the work we are in, to bid up the nation's wounds, to care for the people who took part in the war and for his widow and his orphan. And finally to achieve and cherish a lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.

LAD #18: Dred Scott Decision

The Ableman v. Booth case relates to the Dred Scott decision because both decisions changed the the thing they were discussing back to the way they were.

Dred Scott Decision Summary: Originally, the court favored a moderate decision that ruled in favor of Sanford, but it still didn't address the larger issues of black citizenship and the Missouri Compromise. Justice Nelson was chosen to write the decision, however no one agreed with his views. So, Chief Justice Roger Taney was chosen to write the majority opinion of the court which included black citizenship and the Constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise. President James Buchanan contacted several Supreme Court members for the decision reached by the Court to include in his inaugural address. In his speech he supported the decision of the Court. Taney presented the opinion in March of 1857. He started with the question of black citizenship of both slaves and freemen. Taney believed that even free blacks were not citizens of the United States, and do not have the power to sue. He also believed that citizens are allowed to bring their property into a territory in the US. He claimed that Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because it prevented citizens from holding property. Finally, Taney said that the status of the slaves who escaped to free states must be returned to the place in which they resided, so therefore Dred Scott was still a slave and had to return to Missouri.

LAD #17: Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman" speech

Very much like the Declaration of Sentiments, Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman" speech is calling for women's rights as well as telling reasons for why they should have them.



Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman" speech Summary: She starts of by commenting on the fact that since there is all this racket, something must be wrong. All the blacks in the south and the Women in the North, are talking about their rights and the white men will have to do something about it soon. She then says that what is there to talk about? Men are saying that women should be helped into carriages and lifted over ditches and to have the best place everywhere. No one ever helps her in this way. She then says "and ain't I a woman?". She has done a lot of physical labor and no man has helped her. She then repeats the same line again. She said that she had birthed thirteen children and seen most of them sold off to slavery, and when she cried out with grief nobody but Jesus heard her, she then repeats the line again. She then says that the reason people say women and blacks don't have rights is intellect. She then comes back and asks why it has to do with their rights. She then explains what some people say for reasons why women can't have the same rights as men is because Christ wasn't a woman. She then comes backs to say that is the first woman that God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down, than why can't all these women together turn it back and get it right side up again. She finishes by saying that since the women are asking for these rights, the men better let them get them.

LAD #16: Frederick Douglass' "5th of July"

The Declaration of Sentiments relates to Frederick Douglass' "5th of July Speech" because both are taking a jab at how the the Declaration of Independence says that everyone should have rights yet many groups of people don't have these rights.


Frederick Douglass' "5th of July" Speech Summary: Douglas came to Rochester to give a speech about the celebration of Independence Day. He questions the extent of the freedom that is provided from the Declaration of Independence. People of color in the United states are not included in the 4th of July celebrations, and do not enjoy the liberties, prosperity, and independence that everyone else celebrates in the US. Because the 4th of July is only for the whites, it is mockery. It mocks the black because they are subordinated by the whites who celebrate equality and independence on this day. Douglass then goes on by denouncing slavery in the name of humanity, the Bible, and the Constitution as the greatest sin in all America. Overall, the 4th on July to a slave is an injustice and victimization of blacks. The celebration that is Independence Day is used to cover up the hideous crimes of the country. According to Douglass, America is the most guilty country in the world. Despite all of this, Douglass hopes that America will eventually outlaw slavery because of its democratic principles found in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.

LAD #15: Gettysburg Address

The Declaration of Independence relates to the Gettysburg address in that it is specifically referenced throughout the entire speech.


Gettysburg Address Summary- Lincoln begins this address by using the ever so famous line "Four score and seven years ago...". This is referring to 87 years before he wrote the address our nation was founded based on liberty and they were dedicated to the idea that all men are created equal. He continues by saying that we are now in a civil war and that it is testing whether our nation can endure it. Where they are standing is even a battle-field of the war and a portion of the field was dedicated to those who gave their lives in hope that this nation could live on. He continues by saying that they cannot dedicate the ground upon where they stand, as the brave men who fought had already done so far above the power to add or detract. He claims that the world not note and not long remember this speech, but they can never forget what the soldiers did. It is for the people still living, however, to continue the unfinished work which the dead had so bravely fought for. It is for the living, to make sure that the ones that have died have not done so in vain, that this nation shall have renewed freedom, and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from this earth.

LAD #14: Lincoln's 1st Inaugural Address

FDR's First Inaugural Speech relates to Lincoln's because he too was coming into the Presidency in a time when America needed to be fixed and there were many problems within it.



Lincoln's 1st Inaugural Address Summary- Lincoln begins by saying that he does not believe in talking about matters that aren't of up most importance to the nation in his address. He starts off talking about slavery and he claims that it is not his intentions to interfere with Southern slavery, and that no states will be favored in the eyes of the Constitution. He continues by saying that returning fugitive slaves is written in the Constitution and it will be enforced. And he pleads for states to abide by the existing laws instead of going against them. Lincoln is aware that the time he is entering the presidency is a very difficult one for our nation with the threat of disunity and succession growing continuously. He believes that disunion by any one state undermines the Constitution, and it is in his intentions to maintain unity. To continue, he doesn't plan on using force against any part of the nation. Lincoln claims that the Constitutional rights have never been openly denied to the American people. Also, if the South does in fact secede from the Union, what is going to stop them having portions of the remaining body secede from them every time they don't get there way. Although Lincoln doesn't necessarily want this, he does say that the people have the right to amend the Constitution. He also acknowledges the fact that they have the right to overthrow the government. Finally, he encourages the people think carefully about their decisions, and it is within their hands whether or not the nation goes into a civil war. But, above all, Lincoln promises that he will preserve, protect, and defend the nation.

LAD #12: President Polk's War Message

FDR's Day That Will Live in Infamy speech relates to President Polk's War Message because both were declarations of war and reasons why.


Summary of President Polk's War Message: John Slidell, an American envoy, was sent to Mexico to create friendly relations with them and to create the borders between Texas and Mexico. He was not received well by there government and Mexico invaded us and shed American blood. Mr Slidell was assured by General Herrera that he would be accepted by the Mexican government. But, upon his arrival a revolutionary party forced the government to refuse him. About a month later General Herrera gave up the presidency to General Paredas. Mr. Slidell attempted to become an envoy to the new Mexican government, but was again refused. The Mexican government was refusing to negotiate with the US for no real reason, and made no alternative plans for the boundaries between Texas and Mexico. The US assembled a military force to meet a potential invasion by the Mexican government, which was threatened after Texas's appeal and resulting annexation into the US. American generals were instructed to move troops without aggressive actions towards Mexico. However, the Mexican General Ampudia, ordered the Americans to retreat. A month went by without cooperation and he considered hostilities to have commenced. A group of American soldiers were attacked while scouting the Mexican troops. Some were killed, while the rest had to surrender. President Polk proposes that America is called to fight Mexico as a result of Mexico's wrongs against American citizens over the past few years. He also said that trade with Mexico stopped long ago being beneficial, and that America has attempted to hold peaceful negotiations but was unsuccessful. Lastly, after Mexico declared war on the US, invaded our territory, and killed our citizens, the conflict would be a vindication of American honor, rights and interest.

LAD #13: John Calhoun's Speech

George Washington's Farewell Address relates to John Calhoun's speech because both tell ways to avoid conflict and war in some way.


John Calhoun's Speech Summary: In 1850, John Calhoun addressed the Senate about slavery as the issue was dividing the nation. He believed that sectionalism was increasing, and that the issue of slavery will continue to bring disunity. He wanted to unite to North and South as well as the political parties. He wanted to strengthen the Union and prevent its collapse. The power between the two was imbalanced as the industrial North, was more powerful than the agricultural South. The North also had a greater population and more states, so therefore more representation in the Federal Government. Problems arose when the North showed disapproval of slavery to the south. Calhoun believed that the only way to preserve the Union was for the North to give the South rights in the new territory, return all the runaway slaves to the South, and stop the disapproval of slavery. This would make the North and South once again equal, and although the North didn't agree to theses terms, they would have decreased the threat of succession.

LAD #11 - Seneca Falls Declaration

The 15th Amendment relates to the Seneca Falls Declaration because both are either granting or fighting for equal voting rights.


Summary of the Seneca Falls Declaration- This declaration starts very similarly to the Declaration of Independence. It starts with the line "We hold these truths to be self evident...", but instead of saying that "all men are created equal", it says "all men and women are created equal". The declaration goes on and continues to mirror the Declaration of Independence in the word choice and structure. It says that if any of those unalienable rights are taken away or not preserved it is the right of the people who suffer to refuse allegiance to the government. Also it says how women should demand the equality to which they are entitled. The history of mankind is filled with men showing absolute tyranny against women. It then goes on to list many ways in which men have alienated women and not treated them equally. Of which include, her right to vote and to voice her opinion. They have also taken away their social and religious freedoms.The second section tells how to fix these problems. Some of these include saying that women is man's equal, any law that doesn't give women the same rights as men have no authority. It also says that it is the duty of women to vote and that the quick success of equality depends on both men and women working hard to fight for it. And lastly it says that since both men and women were created with the same capabilities she should have the same religious rights.

LAD #10 - Monroe Doctrine

George Washington's Farewell Address relates to the Monroe Doctrine as both emphasize the idea of neutrality and maintaining friendly relations with Europe.

1.  What did the issuing of the Monroe Doctrine express from an American perspective post War of 1812?

The Monroe Doctrine expressed the idea that the United States were going to make sure they had all of their rights as a free nation, but at the same time keep friendly relations with countries. Now that the war of 1812 was over, we especially wanted to keep this neutrality now that we had asserted ourselves as a power in the world.

2.  What was Secretary of State Adams' hope when he wrote the Monroe Doctrine?

His hope was that it would reassure people, the government, and other countries that we were indeed going to try and keep the same stance as we had held before of neutrality and still not be seen as a weak nation. Also that people would realize that war is only going to be used against another nation if it is necessary to keep the other two things.

3.  What is the key phrase in the entire document that you need to remember as the cornerstone or American Foreign Policy?

The foreign policy remains the same as it had been before, refrain from interfering in internal affairs in Europe as well as maintaining friendly relations with them, not full bound alliances.

LAD #9

President Obama's inaugural speech relates to Jefferson's inaugural address because they both give their plans for the future of the country and their ideas for what the country should be like.



Jefferson's First Inaugural Address summary: He begins the address by expressing his gratitude towards the citizens of the United States who allowed him take office. He explains that this country is rising becoming greater by continuously and is humbled by the fact he had the opportunity to be president. He hopes to find positive qualities such as wisdom to rely on in difficult situations and is encouraged that the people of power will be able to guide  the country through all the tough elements of the world. He also hopes that the nation will unite in common efforts for the common good. And although the majority will almost always prevail, the minority has to possess equal rights or it would be oppression. He wants the people to reflect on how they got out of all that oppression and how what they have now is very good. He explains that a difference of opinion is not a difference in principle meaning that even tough people may believe different things doesn't mean that they are completely against the main principles of the country. He wants everyone to pursue Federal and Republican principles and to make sure that everyone has equal rights and is treated bade on who they are not based on their birth. He believes that a good government is one that allows it s people to regulate their own pursuits. He then goes on to list many of the qualities of a great nation, of our nation. And he believes that we should always live by them. He has learned that as president, you will always be judged no matter what. He ends it by saying that he is ready to do whatever is needed to advance the nation.

Columbus Blog

I believe that Andrew Jackson relates to Christopher Columbus because, much like Columbus he discriminated against native people of the Americas.


I believe that Christopher Columbus should be seen more as a villain than a hero. First off he never discovered North America himself. In fact the first person who supposedly came North America, besides the natives, was Leif Erickson who discovered it 500 years prior to Columbus. Columbus only ever traveled to South America and islands such as the Bahamas and the Dominican Republic. Besides all of that the biggest reason Columbus shouldn't be seen as a hero is that he enslaved and mutilated Native people. He forced the natives into slavery and if they didn't collect enough gold, a part of which he kept himself, he would punish them by taking one of their limbs or by killing them. Between his brutal punishments and the Europeans highly infectious diseases, within decades the natives population was decimated. When King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain found out about his mistreatment of the Natives, he was chained up, brought back to Spain and arrested.

LAD #7: Washington's Farewell Address

President Eisenhower's farewell address relates to Washington's in that he, like Washington, warned America of things to come.

Summary of Washington's Farewell Address 1796- In 1796, George Washington gave his Farewell Address to say that he was retiring from his job as President. In this he mentioned multiple things that America had to do in the future to make it successful. He also talked about what people had to do in order to make sure America kept growing and becoming more successful. Washington also made sure to warn people of all the possible bad things that could happen if they split apart and became dis-unified, and that the country would only have success if their was unity between states. He reminded people that the Constitution is a very important document, but it could be changed in the form of amendments if there was something not right or missing about it, but only if they benefited the country. To continue, Washington thought that political parties may be good in order to check the government's administration, but it may cause harm to the development of America. He also talked about other checks and balances in the federal government. He talked about morality, religion, the importance of knowledge, as well as the proper use of borrowing money and credit from the government. Furthermore, he warned people and America in general about avoiding getting into foreign alliances because at some point America may not agree with them or they may even be dragged into a war. Lastly he told Americans to stay out of European wars and remain neutral. Overall, he set many precedents with his presidency such as, only serving two terms and also staying neutral in foreign affairs.

LAD #6: Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality

I believe Woodrow Wilson's statement of neutrality prior to WW1 was similar to Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality because both wanted neutrality with the countries in Europe to avoid conflict.

The Proclamation of Neutrality summary- There is a state of war between the powers of Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain, the United Netherlands and France, and it would be in the best interest of the United States to become friendly and impartial or neutral with these countries. To make this happen the United States will act towards these countries or powers respectfully and to warn its citizens to avoid anything that may ruin these relationships. To make sure the citizens abide by these rules, they will be punished if they do anything to ruin relations with the powers. The proclamation was written by George Washington in Philadelphia and finished on April 22nd in 1793.

LAD #5: Federalist #10

I think the Republicans and Democrats relate to the Federalist Papers #10, in that more or less the two parties are factions of our government.

1.  Why are factions so difficult to eliminate?

Factions are so difficult to eliminate because the two ways of doing it would be to get rid of the liberty and freedom given to the people, or to make sure every person had the same opinions, passions, and interests. Making either of these things happen would utterly destroy the foundation this country was built on making it more or less impossible to eliminate factions.

2.  If factions cannot be removed then how can they be controlled?

Factions can be controlled by making sure there is no single majority for a passion or interest. Another way they could be controlled is by having the majority have another passion or interest which makes them unable to put into effect schemes of oppression.

Republican Motherhood Blog

I think the Women's Suffrage Movement relates to Republican Motherhood in that both increased the rights and thoughts of what women could do in society.

1. What role did the Revolutionary War play in the transformation of housewifery to Republican Motherhood?

The Revolutionary War inspired increased need for thoughts such as independence, republicanism, and patriotism. It was also common belief that these ideas needed to be instilled in to the following generations of Americans, and it more or less became the job of mothers to instill these ideas into their children, especially their sons (Doc A).

2. What were the consequences of the Republican Motherhood on women?

It was a common idea at this time that it was the job of mother's to instill republican ideas in their children. John F. Stearns says it best, "On you, ladies, depends, in a most important degree, the destiny of our country" (Doc D). There were many different ways people proposed this happening. Mrs. A.J. Graves writes of how women should keep to the their households, and that women don't really have use outside of it (Doc A). Benjamin Rush on the other hand believed that in order to accomplish their duties women needed to be educated (Doc B). 

3. What is the significance of the ideology of Republican Motherhood as a stage in the process of women's socialization?

The significance of Republican Motherhood was that it gave women a role in society outside of just being a housewife. It changed the whole way they thought, an led them to believe that the "... reformation of the world is in [their] power" (Doc C). Their increase of role in America led to an increased sense of pride and self-assertion.

1. Describe the setting:

A rather young looking women as a mother, sitting on a pink couch with a grayish colored wall in the background. You can see the edge of something on the back wall and the women is holding her two children.

2. Who serves at the center of the portrait and why? How does the women look? How is she "republican" rather than aristocratic?

The women is a the center of the portrait which shows she is of the main importance. The women appears fairly young and well dressed with a nice dress and done-up hair. She is "republican" rather than aristocratic in her dress in hair, which are nice but relatively plain rather than super fancy.

3. What values do her son exhibit?

Her sons portray the importance of women on society and in family life in that she is teaching them the things they need to be good, successful citizens.

4. Is there significance to the position of Mrs. Tilgham's arm?

Her arm is rested over one of her son's lap which could symbolize that it is her job to take care of him and to teach him all of the ideals and virtues he needs to be a good citizen.

Blog #4 - Revolution Article

I believe World War II relates to the American Revolution and the Civil War based on the sheer number of people who died in all three.

1. Of those who served in the Continental Army, 1 in 4 died: also 1 in 4 British soldiers, German mercenaries, and American Loyalist soldiers died.

2. At King's Mountain, the Loyalists who survived the battle, still faced a long forced march into captivity. Many captives were murdered on the march.

3. Many men in the retreat across New Jersey in 1776 were "without Stockings Breeches or shoes, nothing to cover their nakedness but a blanket".

4. Forty-seven percent of Continental soldiers taken prisoner in the Revolutionary War perished. In the Civil War, 12 percent of Confederate prisoners and 15 percent of all Union captives died.

5. During the Revolution upwards of 100,000 Loyalists or 5 percent of the free population went into exile. Some 10,000 Confederates, a fraction of 1 percent of the free population, chose exile after the Civil War.

LAD #3: Declaration of Independence

I believe the Emancipation Proclamation relates to the Declaration of Independence because it gave independence to a large group of people.

1. Being a declaration of freedom for the colonies, the Declaration of Independence includes many principles of democracy. The first being that everyone has basic rights that include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To make sure these rights will be preserved, a government will be put in place that will get its power from the governed people; and if this governments power is overused and corrupted, it is the right of the people to change or get rid of that government. Which is what they are doing with the British rule and government in the colonies.

2. There are a multitude of grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence. A few of important ones are... the king had refused to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, he also refused to pass laws for the accommodation of large groups of people unless they wanted to give up their right of representation. He has kept standing armies at times of peace in the colonies without consent of our legislatures. He cut off the colonies trade with all parts of the world as well as imposing taxes on them without their consent. Lastly, he took away their charters, abolished their most valuable laws, and altered the fundamental forms of their governments.

3. The colonies had tried to reason and talk with the king, but he had never listened to their rather reasonable requests. So, they had no other choice than to declare their independence from the crown. This included being completely dissolved from the from Great Britain and having all of the rights that free and independent states should have. Encompassing the power to begin a war, make peace and alliances, and establish commerce among other things.

LAD #2: John Peter Zenger

http://www.nycourts.gov/history/legal-history-new-york/legal-history-eras-01/image-crown-zenger-tryal-page.jpg
http://www.kuyperian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/patrick-henry1.jpg

I believe that Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death speech" relates to the Zenger Trials because Henry was advocating for free speech against the government much like Zenger.



1. Who was John Peter Zenger?

John Peter Zenger was a New York printer who immigrated from Germany and he printed a publication called the New York Weekly Journal which was in opposition of governor William S. Cosby and the government.


2. What was the controversy over his charges? Talk about Hamilton's defense.

The controversy over his charges was that he was simply just the printer of the articles and that the truth or falsity of said articles was supposedly irrelevant to whether he was guilty or not. Andrew Hamilton stepped in as his lawyer and defended Zenger by saying that "it is not the cause of one poor printer, but the cause of liberty". Hamilton's defense helped Zenger be given with the verdict of not guilty by the jury.

3. What influence did his case have on American governmental tradition?

Zenger's case greatly influenced the American governmental tradition as it set the precedent of not being able to be found guilty for simply printing articles that opposed the government. 

4. What is the lasting significance of his trial? Explain.

The lasting significance of Zenger's trial is that it led to the First Amendment in the bill of rights of freedom of the press as well as helping to make America an independent country by sparking thoughts of rebellion. The first amendment made it so that we would always have freedom of the press to be able to freely oppose the government without getting in legal trouble for doing so. Also with the precedent he set for his time, led to to other printers to be able to do similar things which helped to eventually spark the American Revolution for our independence.